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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(6): 516-523, June 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622779

ABSTRACT

Previous cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of healthy aging in young adults have indicated the presence of significant inverse correlations between age and gray matter volumes, although not homogeneously across all brain regions. However, such cross-sectional studies have important limitations and there is a scarcity of detailed longitudinal MRI studies with repeated measures obtained in the same individuals in order to investigate regional gray matter changes during short periods of time in non-elderly healthy adults. In the present study, 52 healthy young adults aged 18 to 50 years (27 males and 25 females) were followed with repeated MRI acquisitions over approximately 15 months. Gray matter volumes were compared between the two times using voxel-based morphometry, with the prediction that volume changes would be detectable in the frontal lobe, temporal neocortex and hippocampus. Voxel-wise analyses showed significant (P < 0.05, family-wise error corrected) relative volume reductions of gray matter in two small foci located in the right orbitofrontal cortex and left hippocampus. Separate comparisons for males and females showed bilateral gray matter relative reductions in the orbitofrontal cortex over time only in males. We conclude that, in non-elderly healthy adults, subtle gray matter volume alterations are detectable after short periods of time. This underscores the dynamic nature of gray matter changes in the brain during adult life, with regional volume reductions being detectable in brain regions that are relevant to cognitive and emotional processes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Aging/physiology , Brain/anatomy & histology , Neuroimaging/methods , Brain/physiology , Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology , Frontal Lobe/physiology , Hippocampus/anatomy & histology , Hippocampus/physiology , Linear Models , Longitudinal Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Organ Size , Temporal Lobe/anatomy & histology , Temporal Lobe/physiology
2.
Rev. saúde pública ; 36(6): 773-778, dez. 2002.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-326395

ABSTRACT

Na medida em que a populaçäo mundial está envelhecendo, a demência está se constituindo em importante problema de saúde pública, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Investigaçöes epidemiológicas nestes países säo escassas e apresentam dificuldades metodológicas adicionais, principalmente no que se refere à adequaçäo sociocultural dos instrumentos utilizados para a definiçäo de casos. Tendo em vista estas preocupaçöes, foi fundado o "Grupo de Pesquisa em Demência 10/66", que é constituído por uma rede internacional de pesquisadores, predominantemente de países em desenvolvimento. O nome do grupo tem como referência o paradoxo de que menos de 10 por cento dos estudos populacionais sobre demência säo dirigidos aos 2/3 ou mais de casos de pessoas com demência que vivem em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do artigo é atualizar informaçöes da literatura sobre as diferenças de prevalência e incidência de demência encontradas em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento


Subject(s)
Aged , Dementia , Health Surveys , Epidemiologic Methods , Developing Countries
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